Toplumda Görülen Şiddet Davranışına Evrimsel Yaklaşım
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REVIEW OF VIOLENCE BEHAVIOR IN HUMANS FROM THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
Melike CEYLAN[1]
ÖZ: Evrimsel psikoloji; hayatta kalma, ortama uyum sağlama ve tüm psikolojik olguları
anlamaya yönelik temel bir çatı oluşturan bir bilim dalı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Şiddet
davranışı evrimsel psikolojik bakış açısıyla açıklandığında, insanların hayatta kalma ve
ortama uyum sağlamalarında rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, şiddet
davranışı zaman içerisinde kültürün etkisiyle farklılaşmış ve hayatta kalma mekanizması
olmanın dışına çıkmaya başlamıştır. Erkeklerde ve kadınlarda şiddet davranışı, toplu şiddet,
öz kıyım, cinayet, tecavüz gibi şiddet davranışlarının evrimsel psikoloji çerçevesinde
tartışılması ve açıklanması şiddet davranışı kabul edilebilir kılmamakla birlikte, bu
davranışlara ait dinamiklerin daha iyi anlaşılması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Şiddet
olgusunun evrimsel bakış açısından ele alınması, şiddetin ilkel nedenlerine dair açıklamalar
sunmaktadır. Günümüzde şiddeti sadece bu bakış açısıyla açıklamak mümkün olmamakla
birlikte sosyolojik, biyolojik ve psikolojik açıklamalar da göz ardı edilmemelidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Evrim, adaptasyon, şiddet, saldırganlık, eş şiddeti.
ABSTRACT: Evolutionary psyohology is the field of a psychology that explains human behaviors of surviving and adaptation skills. Evolutionary psyehology is the field of psyehology that helps to explain humans” skills of survival and adaptation. When we explain aggression by evolutionary psyehology perspecüive, aygressive behavior secms to be ihe crucial part of survival and adaptatlon. in addition to that, aggressive behavior is diverted within time with culture and it passed beyond being a survival mechanism. Topics tike violence in men and women, collective violence, suicide, homicide and rape are important to be discussed and explained by evolutionary psyohology perspective to understand its dynamics, An evolutionary view of ire phenomenon of violence may emerge explanations for ihe primitive ages of violence. Today, alihough it is not possible to explain violence solely with this point of view, soclological, biological and psyohological explanations should not be ignored at all,
Keywords: Evolution, adaptatior, violence, aggression, intimate pariner violence,
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- ↑ Dr. Öğretim Üyesi - İstanbul Ayvansaray Üniversitesi İktisadi, Idari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi Psikoloji Bölümü / İstanbul - melikeceylanpsy@gmail.com (Orcid ID:0000-0001-8603-8912)